Publication Ethics

Gerasi in Mathematics Education (GIME) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and academic integrity. The journal follows established principles of responsible scholarly publishing and expects all authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher to uphold ethical standards throughout the research, peer-review, editorial, and publication processes.

The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, authorship misconduct, peer-review manipulation, or other forms of academic misconduct.

This Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement applies to all manuscripts submitted to and published by GIME.


1. Ethical Principles

GIME is committed to the following principles:

  • Academic integrity and honesty;
  • Originality and responsible authorship;
  • Transparency in research and publication;
  • Confidentiality of the peer-review process;
  • Fair and objective editorial decision-making;
  • Disclosure and management of conflicts of interest;
  • Protection of research participants;
  • Accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record; and
  • Correction or retraction of published work when necessary.

All parties involved in the publication process are expected to act professionally and responsibly.


2. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscripts meet appropriate standards of academic integrity and research ethics.

Authors must ensure that:

  1. The manuscript is original and has not been previously published.
  2. The manuscript is not simultaneously submitted to another journal.
  3. All research findings are reported accurately and honestly.
  4. Data are not fabricated, falsified, manipulated, or selectively presented in a misleading manner.
  5. All sources and previous scholarly contributions are properly acknowledged and cited.
  6. The manuscript does not contain plagiarism or inappropriate reuse of previously published material.
  7. All individuals listed as authors have made substantial contributions to the research and manuscript.
  8. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.
  9. Appropriate ethical approval has been obtained when required.
  10. Informed consent has been obtained where applicable.
  11. Conflicts of interest are disclosed.
  12. Funding sources are disclosed.
  13. Data availability is reported where applicable.
  14. Significant errors discovered after publication are promptly reported to the editor.

Authors must cooperate with the editorial team during investigations of suspected research or publication misconduct.


3. Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must submit original work.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

  • copying another author's work without appropriate attribution;
  • presenting another person's ideas as one's own;
  • reproducing substantial portions of previously published work without appropriate acknowledgment;
  • inappropriate paraphrasing;
  • self-plagiarism or substantial text reuse without disclosure; and
  • using published or unpublished material without appropriate attribution.

All manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism or similarity detection software.

The editorial team evaluates similarity reports in context. A similarity percentage alone does not determine whether plagiarism has occurred.

Where substantial plagiarism is identified, the manuscript may be rejected. If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction depending on the seriousness of the case.


4. Fabrication and Falsification

GIME considers fabrication and falsification of research data to be serious forms of academic misconduct.

Fabrication refers to making up data, results, participants, experiments, or other research information that did not occur.

Falsification refers to manipulating research materials, instruments, processes, data, images, results, or other research information in a way that misrepresents the research.

Authors must maintain appropriate research records and should be able to provide supporting information or data when reasonably requested by the editorial team.

Confirmed fabrication or falsification may result in rejection or retraction and may be reported to the relevant institution where appropriate.


5. Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Manuscripts submitted to GIME must not have been published previously in substantially similar form.

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to multiple journals.

Duplicate or redundant publication includes publishing substantially overlapping research or findings without appropriate disclosure and justification.

If duplicate publication is discovered, the journal may reject the manuscript or take appropriate post-publication action, including correction or retraction.


6. Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should accurately reflect substantial contributions to the research.

Authors should have made meaningful contributions to one or more of the following:

  • conception or design of the research;
  • data collection;
  • analysis or interpretation;
  • development of methodology;
  • drafting the manuscript; or
  • critical revision of the manuscript.

All authors must approve the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet authorship criteria should be appropriately acknowledged.

Changes in Authorship

Any addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors after submission requires:

  • a clear explanation;
  • written agreement from all authors; and
  • approval from the editorial team.

The editorial team may request additional documentation before approving changes in authorship.


7. Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest.

Conflicts may include:

  • financial relationships;
  • employment;
  • consultancy;
  • research funding;
  • personal relationships;
  • academic competition;
  • institutional relationships; or
  • other interests that could influence judgment.

A conflict of interest does not necessarily prevent publication or participation in peer review. However, it must be disclosed and appropriately managed.

If no conflict exists, authors may state:

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.


8. Research Ethics and Human Participants

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable ethical standards and institutional requirements.

Where applicable, authors must provide information concerning:

  • ethical approval;
  • name of the ethics committee or institution;
  • approval number;
  • informed consent; and
  • procedures for protecting participant privacy and confidentiality.

Authors must not disclose personally identifiable information without appropriate consent.

The editorial team may request evidence of ethical approval where necessary.


9. Informed Consent

Where research involves human participants, informed consent should be obtained when required by applicable ethical standards.

Participants should be adequately informed about:

  • the purpose of the research;
  • procedures involved;
  • potential risks and benefits;
  • confidentiality;
  • voluntary participation; and
  • their right to withdraw where applicable.

For research involving minors or participants unable to provide consent, consent should be obtained from an appropriate parent, guardian, or authorized representative where required.


10. Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers play an essential role in maintaining the academic quality of GIME.

Reviewers must:

  • evaluate manuscripts objectively;
  • provide constructive and academically relevant comments;
  • maintain confidentiality;
  • identify important methodological or scholarly concerns;
  • identify relevant literature where appropriate;
  • disclose conflicts of interest;
  • avoid personal or discriminatory criticism;
  • avoid using unpublished information for personal benefit; and
  • complete reviews within the agreed timeframe.

Reviewers should not attempt to identify authors or disclose their reviewer status.


11. Reviewer Confidentiality

All manuscripts submitted for peer review are confidential documents.

Reviewers must not:

  • share the manuscript with unauthorized persons;
  • distribute manuscript content;
  • use unpublished information for personal or professional advantage;
  • discuss the manuscript outside the review process; or
  • disclose the identity of the authors or other reviewers.

Any potential breach of confidentiality should be reported to the editor.


12. Reviewer Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers must decline a review invitation if they have a conflict that could compromise their objectivity.

Potential conflicts include:

  • recent collaboration with the authors;
  • personal relationships;
  • direct competition;
  • institutional conflicts;
  • financial interests; or
  • other circumstances that could influence the review.

Reviewers should inform the editor immediately if a conflict becomes apparent after accepting an invitation.


13. Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for maintaining the quality, integrity, fairness, and transparency of the publication process.

Editors must:

  • evaluate manuscripts fairly and objectively;
  • make editorial decisions based on academic merit;
  • maintain confidentiality;
  • select qualified reviewers;
  • manage conflicts of interest;
  • ensure appropriate peer review;
  • respond appropriately to allegations of misconduct;
  • protect the integrity of the published record; and
  • avoid discrimination based on irrelevant personal characteristics.

Editorial decisions must not be influenced by the author's nationality, gender, ethnicity, institutional affiliation, academic position, political views, religion, or other irrelevant personal characteristics.


14. Editorial Independence

Editorial decisions are based on:

  • originality;
  • academic quality;
  • methodological rigor;
  • relevance;
  • theoretical contribution;
  • empirical contribution;
  • clarity of presentation; and
  • ethical compliance.

Editors must not allow commercial, financial, political, or personal interests to influence editorial decisions.

The publisher should respect the editorial independence of the journal and its editors.


15. Peer-Review Manipulation

GIME does not tolerate manipulation of the peer-review process.

Potential misconduct includes:

  • submitting false reviewer identities;
  • providing fraudulent reviewer information;
  • attempting to influence reviewers improperly;
  • interfering with reviewer reports;
  • using fabricated reviewer accounts;
  • coercive citation practices; or
  • any attempt to circumvent the journal's peer-review procedures.

Suspected peer-review manipulation will be investigated and may result in manuscript rejection or other appropriate action.


16. Citation Manipulation

Authors must cite literature based on its relevance and scholarly contribution.

The following practices are unacceptable:

  • excessive self-citation without academic justification;
  • coordinated citation manipulation;
  • requesting irrelevant citations;
  • adding citations primarily to increase citation metrics; and
  • artificially inflating the citation count of individuals, journals, or institutions.

Reviewers and editors must not require authors to cite their own publications or those of a particular journal unless there is a legitimate scholarly reason.


17. Data Integrity and Transparency

Authors are responsible for the integrity and accuracy of research data.

Where appropriate, authors should retain original research data and supporting documentation for a reasonable period following publication.

Authors may be asked to provide clarification or supporting information if concerns arise regarding the validity of the research.

Where ethical, legal, or confidentiality restrictions apply, authors should clearly explain limitations concerning data sharing.


18. Funding Transparency

Authors must disclose all sources of financial support related to the research.

Funding information should identify:

  • funding organization;
  • grant number, where applicable; and
  • role of the funder in the research, where relevant.

If no external funding was received, authors should provide an appropriate statement.

Funding information must not influence editorial decisions.


19. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors may use artificial intelligence tools for appropriate purposes such as language improvement, translation assistance, formatting support, or other limited technical assistance.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the research, manuscript, ethical compliance, or publication.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content submitted to GIME.

Authors must:

  • verify AI-assisted content;
  • verify all references and citations;
  • ensure factual accuracy;
  • protect confidential and sensitive information;
  • ensure that AI-generated material does not constitute plagiarism; and
  • disclose substantial use of AI tools where appropriate.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate research data, research participants, results, citations, reviewer reports, or other scholarly evidence.


20. Corrections

GIME recognizes the responsibility to maintain an accurate scholarly record.

If a significant error is identified after publication, the journal may publish a correction.

Corrections may be issued when an error affects the accuracy or interpretation of the article but does not invalidate the overall research findings.

Corrections will be linked to the original article where appropriate.


21. Retraction

An article may be retracted when there is substantial evidence that:

  • the findings are unreliable;
  • data have been fabricated or falsified;
  • substantial plagiarism has occurred;
  • the article has been published redundantly;
  • serious ethical violations have occurred;
  • major errors invalidate the findings; or
  • other serious misconduct compromises the integrity of the publication.

Retractions are intended to correct the scholarly record rather than punish authors.

The original article will remain part of the journal's archive but will be clearly identified as retracted.


22. Expression of Concern

Where serious concerns have been raised but an investigation has not yet been completed, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern.

An Expression of Concern may be used when the editorial team believes that readers should be informed about significant questions concerning the reliability or integrity of a published article.

The notice may remain associated with the article until the investigation is resolved.


23. Article Withdrawal

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication by contacting the editorial office and providing a valid reason.

Withdrawal requests should be submitted by the corresponding author with the agreement of all authors.

Published articles are not normally withdrawn. Where a serious problem is discovered after publication, the journal will consider correction, expression of concern, or retraction as appropriate.


24. Complaints and Appeals

Authors may submit complaints or appeals concerning editorial or publication processes to the journal's editorial office.

Complaints should provide:

  • manuscript title;
  • manuscript identification number;
  • description of the concern;
  • relevant evidence; and
  • contact information of the complainant.

Complaints will be reviewed objectively and confidentially.

The journal aims to resolve complaints fairly and transparently without compromising editorial independence.


25. Allegations of Misconduct

Allegations of research or publication misconduct may be submitted to the editorial office.

When a credible allegation is received, the editorial team may:

  1. Conduct an initial assessment.
  2. Request clarification or documentation from the authors.
  3. Consult editors or independent experts.
  4. Contact the relevant institution where appropriate.
  5. Suspend publication or review when necessary.
  6. Issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction where appropriate.

The journal will make reasonable efforts to ensure that investigations are conducted fairly and confidentially.


26. Editorial and Reviewer Misconduct

Publication ethics applies not only to authors but also to editors and reviewers.

Editors and reviewers must not:

  • misuse confidential information;
  • exploit unpublished research;
  • manipulate citations;
  • discriminate against authors;
  • interfere with the peer-review process;
  • use their position for personal advantage; or
  • participate in decisions involving conflicts of interest.

Allegations concerning editorial or reviewer misconduct will be handled by the Editor-in-Chief or an appropriate independent authority where necessary.


27. Publisher Responsibilities

The publisher of GIME supports the editorial team in maintaining academic integrity and publication ethics.

The publisher is expected to:

  • support the journal's editorial independence;
  • provide appropriate publishing infrastructure;
  • support preservation of the scholarly record;
  • cooperate in investigations of serious publication misconduct;
  • support corrections and retractions where necessary; and
  • avoid practices that compromise the integrity of scholarly publishing.

The publisher does not interfere with editorial decisions based on academic merit.


28. Post-Publication Responsibilities

GIME recognizes that publication ethics continues after an article has been published.

The journal will respond appropriately to credible concerns regarding published articles.

Possible actions include:

  • correction;
  • clarification;
  • expression of concern;
  • retraction; or
  • other editorial notices.

The journal seeks to ensure that the scholarly record remains accurate, transparent, and trustworthy.


29. Commitment to Academic Integrity

GIME is committed to promoting responsible research and scholarly communication in mathematics education.

All authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher share responsibility for maintaining the integrity of the publication process.

By submitting a manuscript to GIME, authors acknowledge that they have read and agree to comply with the journal's publication ethics policies and applicable research and publication standards.

The journal reserves the right to take appropriate action when violations of publication ethics are identified, both before and after publication.